If there is been a single immutable rule throughout American tv history, it's been community news. Practically from The instant the station initial signed on air, they started carrying area news the place sporting activities usually played A serious job. A lack of regular programming sources in these early several years led quite a few stations to show to sports to fill their broadcasting schedules. Ny's WNBT television signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its initially broadcast was a professional baseball sport ("NBC Historical past", 2003). When producing local newscasts to fit their audience, these stations generally involved sporting activities and temperature. For example, in 1961 WKMG began its 1st entire-time information Section in Orlando. Newscasts include things like Frank Vaught's sporting activities experiences ("The record of," 2003).
Sporting activities have held a dominant posture in area information broadcasting for quite a few years, but recent industry trends have called into question this posture. Segmented audiences, switching demographics, and declining information profitability have compelled the station to reexamine its regional athletics section. “Sports is among the last areas of Television set wherever men and women do factors the way in which they usually have,” says tv government Elliott Wiser. “(Right now) a brand new approach is necessary” (Deggans, 2000).
Problem for Area Tv set Information
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Undertaking for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 2/three가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 76%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 nine월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and Television Information Director’s Association(“Switching channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Tv set 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 4~five개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Difficulty for Local Tv set Sports
None of the is good news with the neighborhood tv sports activities sector, which is ever more below scrutiny from station execs. Inspite of its standard existence inside of area newscasts, sports activities have extensive been deemed a "tuning" factor. In line with a study through the Radio and tv News Directors Basis, only 31% of viewers said they have been 'very intrigued' in athletics and 32% were 'considerably fascinated' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to 72% who expressed curiosity from the weather. "Sports activities are exceptionally polarizing." stated television information consultant Brent Magid. “The majority can acknowledge, go away, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Studies have proven that Girls are far significantly less keen on sporting activities than Males (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and plenty of stations have acted appropriately. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the Activity from its early night newscasts. In keeping with station news director Jim Church, "Telling a story when no-one is listening is just not a very good usage of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have removed the Activity, while some have reduced their allotted time. According to the day on the 7 days (weekends have additional sporting activities time), sporting activities segments have customarily been given between three and 5 minutes of local news protection. Given that selection is all the way down to a few moment. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Minimize enough time for athletics by just 3 as well as a fifty percent minutes for three hours of stories. Many others during the field have executed new strategies, for instance athletics stories that target a lot more on individuals than scores or cater to a broader information audience. "What we're endeavoring to do now's handle sports activities as information," claims KDKA news director Al Blinke. “We want to do a little something outside of sports activities” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Television set 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Improvements in community sports activities might be a mirrored image in the great upheaval taking place during broadcast news. If your sports activities sector is now not Protected, How about other news features? CBS Group Information Vp Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) explained, “[All this] forces us to reexamine the [news] product.”
On a more rapid level, improvements within the community sports activities sector specifically have an effect on Many aspiring sportscasters. Stations which might be reducing their dedication to sporting activities can also be cutting down their sports workforce amounts, which impacts The task market. One more information director stated, "[Sports activities on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two comprehensive-time sportsmen to one total-time, just one in charge of the news 3 times each week, and it was a battle to remain there.”
Similarly vital, modifications in the best way athletics are introduced are forcing sports broadcasters to find out new approaches. No more can sportscasters deal with scoring. They have to produce the presentation far more partaking for normal admirers. This is 스포츠중계 also essential for journalism educational institutions across the nation, which should doc what stations want during the sporting activities sector and update their training curricula.
Will these modifications perform or persist? Sports activities journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented within the adjust in KDKA, “Enable’s reserve remaining judgment until September, when the Steelers, college, and high school soccer seasons start out in earnest. Then the station will be . There is an mistake in clock administration.”